Debian - The Universal Operating System
WHAT is Debian?
The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. This operating system that we have created is called Debian GNU/Linux, or simply Debian for short.
An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run. At the core of an operating system is the kernel. The kernel is the most fundamental program on the computer and does all the basic housekeeping and lets you start other programs.
Debian systems currently use the Linux kernel. Linux is a piece of software started by Linus Torvalds and supported by thousands of programmers worldwide.
However, work is in progress to provide Debian for other kernels, primarily for the Hurd. The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on top of a microkernel (such as Mach) to implement different features. The Hurd is free software produced by the GNU project.
A large part of the basic tools that fill out the operating system come from the GNU project; hence the names: GNU/Linux and GNU/Hurd. These tools are also free.
Of course, the thing that people want is application software: programs to help them get what they want to do done, from editing documents to running a business to playing games to writing more software. Debian comes with over 29000 packages (precompiled software that is bundled up in a nice format for easy installation on your machine) — all of it free.
It's a bit like a tower. At the base is the kernel. On top of that are all the basic tools. Next is all the software that you run on the computer. At the top of the tower is Debian — carefully organizing and fitting everything so it all works together.
It's all free?
You may be wondering: why would people spend hours of their own time to write software, carefully package it, and then give it all away? The answers are as varied as the people who contribute. Some people like to help others. Many write programs to learn more about computers. More and more people are looking for ways to avoid the inflated price of software. A growing crowd contribute as a thank you for all the great free software they've received from others. Many in academia create free software to help get the results of their research into wider use. Businesses help maintain free software so they can have a say in how it develops -- there's no quicker way to get a new feature than to implement it yourself! Of course, a lot of us just find it great fun.
Debian is so committed to free software that we thought it would be useful if that commitment was formalized in a written document. Thus, our Social Contract was born.
Although Debian believes in free software, there are cases where people want or need to put non-free software on their machine. Whenever possible Debian will support this. There are even a growing number of packages whose sole job is to install non-free software into a Debian system.
You say free, but the CDs/bandwidth cost money!
You might be asking: If the software is free, then why do I have to pay a vendor for a CD, or pay an ISP for downloading?
When buying a CD, you are paying for someone's time, capital outlay to make the disks, and risk (in case they don't sell them all). In other words, you are paying for a physical medium used to deliver the software, not for the software itself.
When we use the word "free", we are referring to software freedom, not that it's without cost. You can read more on what we mean by "free software" and what the Free Software Foundation says on that subject.
Most software costs over 100 US dollars. How can you give it away?
A better question is how do software companies get away with charging so much? Software is not like making a car. Once you've made one copy of your software, the production costs to make a million more are tiny (there's a good reason Microsoft has so many billions in the bank).
Look at it another way: if you had an endless supply of sand in your backyard, you might be willing to give sand away. It would be foolish, though, to pay for a truck to take it to others. You would make them come and get it themselves (equivalent to downloading off the net) or they can pay someone else to deliver it to their door (equivalent to buying a CD). This is exactly how Debian operates and why most of the CDs/DVDs are so cheap (only about 12 USD for 4 DVDs).
Debian does not make any money from the sale of CDs. At the same time, money is needed to pay for expenses such as domain registration and hardware. Thus, we ask that you buy from one of the CD vendors that donates a portion of your purchase to Debian.
What hardware is supported?
Debian will run on almost all personal computers, including most older models. Each new release of Debian generally supports a larger number of computer architectures. For a complete list of currently supported ones, see the documentation for the stable release.
Almost all common hardware is supported. If you would like to be sure that all the devices connected to your machine are supported, check out the Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO.
There are a few companies that make support difficult by not releasing specifications for their hardware. This means you might not be able to use their hardware with GNU/Linux. Some companies provide non-free drivers, but that is a problem because the company could later go out of business or stop support for the hardware you have. We recommend that you only purchase hardware from manufacturers that provide free drivers for their products.
I'm looking for more information.
You may want to check out our FAQ.
I'm still not convinced.
Don't take our word for it - try Debian yourself. Since hard disk space has become less expensive, you can probably spare about 2GB. If you don't want or need a graphical desktop, 600MB are sufficient. Debian can be easily installed on this extra space and can coexist with your existing OS. If you eventually need more space, you can simply delete one of your OSes (and after you see the power of a Debian system, we are confident you won't delete Debian).
As trying a new operating system will take some of your valuable time, it is understandable that you may have reservations. For this reason we compiled a list of pros and cons of Debian. This should help you decide whether you think it's worth it. We hope you'll appreciate our honesty and frankness.
How do I get Debian?
It's most popular to install Debian from a CD which you can buy for the price of the media at one of our many CD vendors. If you have good Internet access, you can download and install Debian over the Internet.
Please see our page about getting Debian for more information.
If you haven't yet, you may want to first look at the Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO.
Don't forget to take a look through the packages we offer (hopefully you won't be intimidated by the sheer number).
I can't set it up all by myself. How do I get support for Debian?
You can get help by reading the documentation which is available both on the web site and in packages you can install on your system. You can also contact us via the mailing lists or using IRC. One can even hire a consultant to do the work.
Please see our documentation and support pages for more information.
Who are you all anyway?
Debian is produced by almost a thousand active developers spread around the world who volunteer in their spare time. Few of the developers have actually met in person. Communication is done primarily through e-mail (mailing lists at lists.debian.org) and IRC (#debian channel at irc.debian.org).
The Debian Project has a carefully organized structure. For more information on how Debian looks from the inside, please feel free to browse the developers' corner.
Who uses Debian?
Although no precise statistics are available (since Debian does not require users to register), evidence is quite strong that Debian is used by a wide range of organizations, large and small, as well as many thousands of individuals. See our Who's using Debian? page for a list of high-profile organizations which have submitted short descriptions of how and why they use Debian.
How'd it all get started?
Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, as a new distribution which would be made openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU. Debian was meant to be carefully and conscientiously put together, and to be maintained and supported with similar care. It started as a small, tightly-knit group of Free Software hackers, and gradually grew to become a large, well-organized community of developers and users. See the detailed history.
Since many people have asked, Debian is pronounced /ˈde.bi.ən/. It comes from the names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife, Debra.
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![Hewan Langka dan di Lindungi [Foto + Keterangan]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxmp9KiFPILFuuunwaRBqKbq4vw8airhbOtBi24Kb8EVRtfhVASQmnxuUDi0Ft1jqrwMrZei4_I4IQMdXGhcMvNMWWvXwuPmheo9TMFQewiNuRl5NbRy5zAoK8AuyFeZxuqn-KCBeTKMKE/w280-h186-p-k-no-nu/harimau+sumatera.jpg)
Harimau Sumatera salah satu hewan langka yang dilindungi di indonesia. Saat ini jumlahnya semakin sedikit, Keberadaannya terganggu oleh manusia yang sekarang ini sering melakukan penebangan liar dan memburunya. Harimau Sumatera mempunyai warna paling gelap di antara semua subspesies harimau lainnya. Harimau Sumatra jantan memiliki panjang rata-rata 92 inci dengan berat 300 pound atau sekitar 140kg, sedangkan tinggi dari jantan dewasa dapat mencapai 60cm. Betinanya rata-rata memiliki panjang 78 inci dan berat sekitar 91kg.
Badak bercula satu atau lebih di kenal dengan badak jawa adalah hewan yang saat ini hampir punah dan hanya bisa kita temui di taman nasional ujung kulon. Sangat disayangkan sekali memang, karena Hewan ini banyak diburu oleh manusia untuk di ambil culahnya. Mereka mengambil culah badak ini untuk digunakan sebagai obat. Badak ini sangat mematikan jika menyerang musuhnya karena memiliki culah yang sangat tajam. Akan tetapi culahnya ini biasa digunakan untuk mencari makanan. Sedangkan makanannya sendiri adalah tumbuh-tumbuhan.
Burung merak adalah burung yang saat ini sangat sulit kita jumpai. Burung ini sangat indah dan pasti membuat orang yang melihat ingin memilikinya. Hewan ini hampir punah, dan hewan ini sangat dilindungi oleh pemerintah. Hewan ini hidup di hutan terbuka yang memiliki padang rumput luas. Keberadaan hewan ini tak hanya ada di indonesia melainkan ada juga di negara lain seperti china, India dan Malaysia. Burung Merak memakan aneka biji-bijian, pucuk rumput dan dedaunan, aneka serangga, serta berbagai jenis hewan kecil seperti laba-laba, cacing dan kadal kecil.
Orang Utan adalah hewan jenis kera yang memiliki rambut lebih panjang daripada jenis kera yang lain. Hewan ini Tersebar di hutan kalimantan dan hutan Sumatra. Orang Utan sendiri berasal dari bahasa indosnesia yang artinya adalah manusia yang hidup di hutan. Memang orang utan memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan manusia. dari segi bentuk dan DNA hampir sama. Makanan utamanya adalah buah-buahan. Ancaman orangutan adalah habitat yang semakin sempit karena kawasan hutan dijadikan sebagai lahan kelapa sawit, pertambangan dan pepohonan ditebang.
Kijang atau muncak adalah kerabat rusa yang tergabung dalam genus Muntiacus. Kijang berasal dari Dunia Lama dan dianggap sebagai jenis rusa tertua, telah ada sejak 15-35 juta tahun yang lalu, dengan sisa-sisa dari masa Miosen ditemukan di Perancis dan Jerman. Pada masa sekarang, muncak hanya dapat ditemui di Asia Selatan dan Asia Tenggara, mulai dari India, Srilangka, Indocina, hingga kepulauan Nusantara. Beberapa jenis diintroduksi di Inggris dan sekarang banyak dijumpai di sana. Kijang tidak mengenal musim kawin dan dapat kawin kapan saja.
Babirusa (Babyrousa babirussa) hanya terdapat di sekitar Sulawesi, Pulau Togian, Malenge, Sula, Buru dan Maluku. Habitat babirusa banyak ditemukan di hutan hujan tropis. Hewan ini gemar melahap buah-buahan dan tumbuhan, seperti mangga, jamur dan dedaunan. Mereka hanya berburu makanan pada malam hari untuk menghindari beberapa binatang buas yang sering menyerang. Panjang tubuh babirusa sekitar 87 sampai 106 sentimeter. Tinggi babirusa berkisar pada 65-80 sentimeter dan berat tubuhnya bisa mencapai 90 kilogram.
Penyu adalah kura-kura laut. Penyu ditemukan di semua samudra di dunia. Menurut data para ilmuwan, penyu sudah ada sejak akhir zaman Jura (145 - 208 juta tahun yang lalu) atau seusia dengan dinosaurus. Pada masa itu Archelon, yang berukuran panjang badan enam meter, dan Cimochelys telah berenang di laut purba seperti penyu masa kini. Penyu memiliki sepasang tungkai depan yang berupa kaki pendayung yang memberinya ketangkasan berenang di dalam air. Walaupun seumur hidupnya berkelana di dalam air, sesekali naik ke permukaan.
Komodo, atau yang selengkapnya disebut biawak komodo adalah spesies kadal terbesar di dunia yang hidup di pulau Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, dan Gili Dasami di Nusa Tenggara. Biawak ini oleh penduduk asli pulau Komodo juga disebut dengan nama setempat ora. Termasuk anggota famili biawak Varanidae, dan klad Toxicofera, komodo merupakan kadal terbesar di dunia, dengan rata-rata panjang 2-3 m. Ukurannya yang besar ini berhubungan dengan gejala gigantisme pulau, yakni kecenderungan meraksasanya tubuh hewan-hewan tertentu.
